Parenting a child with ADHD often feels like learning a new language. New terms fly at you—executive function, hyperfocus, time blindness—and most parents never get the plain-English explanations they need.

This glossary gives you clear definitions of the essential ADHD concepts so you can understand your child better, respond with confidence, and avoid outdated myths that blame or shame.

Neurotypical (NT)

A person whose brain develops and functions in ways considered standard or typical. Not “better”—just typical.

Neurodivergent (ND)

A person whose brain works differently from the norm. Includes ADHD, autism, dyslexia, Tourette’s, and other developmental differences. Highlights difference, not deficiency.

Rejection Sensitive Dysphoria (RSD)

A sudden, intense emotional reaction to real or perceived criticism, rejection, or disappointment. The pain is immediate and overwhelming. Your child isn’t “too sensitive”—their nervous system reacts more strongly.

Hyperfocus

A deep, immersive concentration on something highly interesting. Kids aren’t ignoring you; they’re locked in. Can be a powerful strength when harnessed.

Hyper-Curious

A drive for novelty, exploration, and questions. ADHD brains chase stimulation—new ideas, new facts, new adventures.

EXECUTIVE & COGNITIVE TERMS

Executive Function

The brain’s management system—planning, organization, time management, emotional regulation, and follow-through. ADHD often disrupts these skills.

Working Memory

The ability to hold and use short-term information. When working memory is overloaded, kids forget steps, routines, or instructions.

Task Initiation

Struggling to start tasks, even ones the child wants to complete. Not laziness—an executive function roadblock.

Time Blindness

Difficulty sensing the passage of time or estimating how long tasks take. Many kids live in “now” and “not now.”

Transition Difficulties

Trouble shifting from one activity to another, especially if the next activity is less stimulating.

EMOTIONAL & SENSORY TERMS

Emotional Dysregulation

Fast, strong emotional shifts that are hard to calm. A neurological difference, not a character issue.

Dopamine-Seeking Behavior

ADHD brains crave stimulation. Kids seek movement, novelty, humor, screens, or risk-taking because these raise dopamine.

Sensory Overload

Feeling overwhelmed by sound, light, touch, or busy environments. The child’s nervous system goes into “overheated” mode.

Stimming

Repetitive movement or sound (fidgeting, tapping, humming) that helps regulate energy and emotions.

Masking

Hiding ADHD traits to fit in with peers or meet adult expectations. Masking drains energy and can contribute to burnout.

Oppositional Behavior (ADHD-related)

What looks like defiance is often overwhelm, frustration, or a lagging skill—not intentional misbehavior.

TERMS ABOUT FATIGUE & RESILIENCE

ADHD Burnout

Emotional and physical exhaustion caused by chronic stress, high effort, or constant self-correction. Kids experience it. Parents do, too.

Why These Definitions Matter

Knowing these terms helps you interpret behavior through the lens of how your child’s brain actually works.
When you understand the why behind actions, your responses shift:

• From “won’t” to “can’t yet”

• From frustration to strategy

• From blame to support

This glossary is a starting point. A shared language creates clarity—and clarity helps you become the confident, effective guide your child needs.